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Title
University of California - Water Well Design and
Construction
Abstract
A water well is a hole, shaft, or excavation used for the purpose of extracting
ground water from the subsurface. Water may flow to the surface naturally after excavation
of the hole or shaft. Such a well is known as a flowing artesian well. More commonly,
water must be pumped out of the well.
Most wells are vertical shafts, but they may also be horizontal or at an inclined
angle. Horizontal wells are commonly used in bank filtration, where surface water is
extracted via recharge through river bed sediments into horizontal wells located
underneath or next to a stream. The oldest known wells, Qanats, are hand-dug horizontal
shafts extending into the mountains of the old Persian empire in present-day
Iran.
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